家族文化与文学叙事

当代“家族”小说致力于由父权神话的谱系中去追究文化共时态下人的存在景况 ,从宗法文明的最深层的基因———血缘化情感和家族至上主义中探求现代人焦虑的根源 ,在对“乱伦禁忌”的叙事关注中揭示家族文化沦变、历史衰变的趋势 ,并以鲜明的女性主义创作倾向反映了“女性意识”在“男权化”文明历史中的叛逆性崛起     

海南汉语方言姑姨舅类亲属称谓研究

海南岛上的海南话、儋州话、　话、军话和迈话等汉语主要方言 ,其姑、姨、舅类称谓 ,无论是父母的同胞还是其配偶 ,都同伯叔类一样严格区分长幼 ,而且父方母方共用同一称谓。这不仅与汉语北方类型大相径庭 ,而且与汉语南方类型也差别很大 ,然而却与岛上非汉语系统的黎语、临高语和村话相同。这种情况是由于受岛上非汉语诸语言的影响所致。     

Effects of air pollution and weather on the initial COVID-19 outbreaks in United States,Italy, Spain,and China: A comparative study

Contrasting effects have been identified in association of weather (temperature and humidity) and pollutant gases with COVID-19 infection, which could be derived from the influence of lockdowns and season change. The influence of pollutant gases and climate during the initial phases of the pandemic, before the closures and the change of season in the northern hemisphere, is unknown. Here, we used a spatial-temporal Bayesian zero-inflated-Poisson model to test for short-term associations of weather and pollutant gases with the relative risk of COVID-19 disease in China (first outbreak) and the countries with more cases during the initial pandemic (the United States, Spain and Italy), considering also the effects of season and lockdown. We found contrasting association between pollutant gases and COVID-19 risk in the United States, Italy, and Spain, while in China it was negatively associated (except for SO₂). COVID-19 risk was positively associated with specific humidity in all countries, while temperature presented a negative effect. Our findings showed that short-term associations of air pollutants with COVID-19 infection vary strongly between countries, while generalized effects of temperature (negative) and humidity (positive) with COVID-19 was found. Our results show novel information about the influence of pollution and weather on the initial outbreaks, which contribute to unravel the mechanisms during the beginning of the pandemic.     

高血压个体家庭连续自测收缩压特征描述与分析

文章从个体角度出发,分析患者自测收缩压和血压测量行为特征,为传统的以群体为对象的研究提供补充,为高血压个性化精准干预提供线索。从科大讯飞医疗高血压管理平台下载选定患者的全部收缩压自测数据及测量日期和时间。通过安徽省气象局官方网站查阅并记录患者自测血压时的日平均气温。将数据合并后导入微软Excel软件,利用其中的插图功能为每位患者绘制4种散点图。分类逐一人工观察上述过程绘制的全部散点图,从每类散点图中挑选4个差别明显的个例(共16个)构成易于直观比较的散点图组合。结果发现,每种类型的“组合图”均可见差别迥异的散点图。有的呈上升趋势,有的呈下降趋势,有的相对平稳,有的呈周期波动,有的分布范围明显变宽,有的则可见明显的散点密集区、稀疏区和空白区。个体间的收缩压表现差异悬殊,测量行为也各有特点,传统的主要关注群体血压集中趋势的做法忽视了个体差异,分析个体的单独表现有可能为高血压个性化精准管理提供新的线索。     

A novel textual track-data-based approach for estimating individual infection risk of COVID-19

With the recurrence of infectious diseases caused by coronaviruses, which pose a significant threat to human health, there is an unprecedented urgency to devise an effective method to identify and assess who is most at risk of contracting these diseases. China has successfully controlled the spread of COVID-19 through the disclosure of track data belonging to diagnosed patients. This paper proposes a novel textual track-data-based approach for individual infection risk measurement. The proposed approach is divided into three steps. First, track features are extracted from track data to build a general portrait of COVID-19 patients. Then, based on the extracted track features, we construct an infection risk indicator system to calculate the infection risk index (IRI). Finally, individuals are divided into different infection risk categories based on the IRI values. By doing so, the proposed approach can determine the risk of an individual contracting COVID-19, which facilitates the identification of high-risk populations. Thus, the proposed approach can be used for risk prevention and control of COVID-19. In the empirical analysis, we comprehensively collected 9455 pieces of track data from 20 January 2020 to 30 July 2020, covering 32 provinces/provincial municipalities in China. The empirical results show that the Chinese COVID-19 patients have six key features that indicate infection risk: place, region, close-contact person, contact manner, travel mode, and symptom. The IRI values for all 9455 patients vary from 0 to 43.19. Individuals are classified into the following five infection risk categories: low, moderate-low, moderate, moderate-high, and high risk.     

Modeling undetected live type 1 wild poliovirus circulation after apparent interruption of transmission: Pakistan and Afghanistan

Since 2013, wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission occurred only for type 1 (WPV1). Following several years of increasing reported incidence (2017–2019) and programmatic disruptions caused by COVID-19 (early 2020), Pakistan and Afghanistan performed a large number of supplementary immunization activities (late 2020–2021). This increased intensity of immunization, following widespread transmission, substantially decreased WPV1 cases and positive environmental samples during 2021. Modeling the potential for undetected circulation of WPV1 after apparent interruption can support regional and global decisions about certification of the eradication of indigenous WPV1 transmission. We apply a stochastic model to estimate the confidence about no circulation (CNC) of WPV1 in Pakistan and Afghanistan as a function of time since the last reported case and/or positive environmental sample. Exploration of different assumptions about surveillance quality suggests a range for CNC for WPV1 as a function of time since the last positive surveillance signal, and supports the potential use of a time with no evidence of transmission of less than 3 years as sufficient to assume die out in the context of good acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. We show high expected CNC based on AFP surveillance data alone, even with imperfect surveillance and some use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine masking the ability of AFP surveillance to detect transmission. Ensuring high quality AFP and environmental surveillance may substantially shorten the time required to reach high CNC. The time required for high CNC depends on whether immunization activities maintain high population immunity and the quality of surveillance data.     

父母陪同学龄前儿童局麻下手术感染率、父母满意度及心理状态分析

父母陪同儿童手术成为降低儿童围手术期焦虑的重要方法之一。本研究通过对比父母陪同局麻患儿手术与全麻无父母陪同手术两组间父母满意度、感染率、父母焦虑程度揭示了父母陪同学龄前儿童局麻手术的必要性和可行性。本研究表明，父母陪同学龄前儿童局麻手术有助于提高患儿父母满意度、降低父母围手术期焦虑，对感染率并无影响。     

鹅血SOD的纯化与鉴定

新鲜鹅血经氯仿—乙醇分级分离 ,丙酮沉淀及DEAE纤维素层析的方法得到纯铜锌超氧化物歧化酶 (Cu .Zn -SOD)。每升鹅血可获得纯化的SOD总活力为 2 314 0 0U ,比活力为 7713U/mg。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后显示出两条带。结果表明用该纯化方法得到的SOD为均一性纯酶